scala.io.BufferedSource

class BufferedSource extends Source

This object provides convenience methods to create an iterable representation of a source file.

• Source
  • BufferedSource.scala - Blame
  • BufferedSource.scala - History

Type Members

class BufferedLineIterator extends AbstractIterator[String] with collection.Iterator[String]

• Source
  • BufferedSource.scala - Blame
  • BufferedSource.scala - History

class GroupedIterator[B >: A] extends AbstractIterator[Seq[B]] with Iterator[Seq[B]]

A flexible iterator for transforming an Iterator[A] into an Iterator[Seq[A]], with configurable sequence size, step, and strategy for dealing with elements which don’t fit evenly.

Typical uses can be achieved via methods grouped and sliding .

• Definition Classes
  • Iterator

class LineIterator extends AbstractIterator[String] with Iterator[String]

• Definition Classes
  • Source

class Positioner extends AnyRef

• Definition Classes
  • Source

Value Members

object NoPositioner extends Positioner

• Definition Classes
  • Source

object RelaxedPosition extends Position

A Position implementation which ignores errors in the positions.

• Definition Classes
  • Source

object RelaxedPositioner extends Positioner

• Definition Classes
  • Source

Value Members From scala.collection.Iterator

def ++[B >: Char](that: ⇒ GenTraversableOnce[B]): collection.Iterator[B]

[use case]

Concatenates this iterator with another.

• that
  • the other iterator
• returns
  • a new iterator that first yields the values produced by this iterator followed by the values produced by iterator that .
• Definition Classes
  • Iterator

(defined at scala.collection.Iterator)

def buffered: collection.BufferedIterator[Char]

Creates a buffered iterator from this iterator.

• returns
  • a buffered iterator producing the same values as this iterator.
• Definition Classes
  • Iterator
• Note
  • Reuse: After calling this method, one should discard the iterator it was called on, and use only the iterator that was returned. Using the old iterator is undefined, subject to change, and may result in changes to the new iterator as well.
• See also
  • scala.collection.BufferedIterator

(defined at scala.collection.Iterator)

def collect[B](pf: PartialFunction[Char, B]): collection.Iterator[B]

Creates an iterator by transforming values produced by this iterator with a partial function, dropping those values for which the partial function is not defined.

• pf
  • the partial function which filters and maps the iterator.
• returns
  • a new iterator which yields each value x produced by this iterator for which pf is defined the image pf(x) .
• Definition Classes
  • Iterator
• Annotations
  • @migration
• Migration
  • (Changed in version 2.8.0) collect has changed. The previous behavior can be reproduced with toSeq .
• Note
  • Reuse: After calling this method, one should discard the iterator it was called on, and use only the iterator that was returned. Using the old iterator is undefined, subject to change, and may result in changes to the new iterator as well.

(defined at scala.collection.Iterator)

def contains(elem: Any): Boolean

Tests whether this iterator contains a given value as an element.

Note: may not terminate for infinite iterators.

• elem
  • the element to test.
• returns
  • true if this iterator produces some value that is is equal (as determined by == ) to elem , false otherwise.
• Definition Classes
  • Iterator
• Note
  • Reuse: After calling this method, one should discard the iterator it was called on. Using it is undefined and subject to change.

(defined at scala.collection.Iterator)

def copyToArray[B >: Char](xs: Array[B], start: Int, len: Int): Unit

[use case]

Copies selected values produced by this iterator to an array. Fills the given array xs starting at index start with at most len values produced by this iterator. Copying will stop once either the end of the current iterator is reached, or the end of the array is reached, or len elements have been copied.

Note: will not terminate for infinite iterators.

• xs
  • the array to fill.
• start
  • the starting index.
• len
  • the maximal number of elements to copy.
• Definition Classes
  • Iterator → TraversableOnce → GenTraversableOnce

(defined at scala.collection.Iterator)

def corresponds[B](that: GenTraversableOnce[B])(p: (Char, B) ⇒ Boolean): Boolean

Tests whether every element of this iterator relates to the corresponding element of another collection by satisfying a test predicate.

• B
  • the type of the elements of that
• that
  • the other collection
• p
  • the test predicate, which relates elements from both collections
• returns
  • true if both collections have the same length and p(x, y) is true for all corresponding elements x of this iterator and y of that , otherwise false
• Definition Classes
  • Iterator

(defined at scala.collection.Iterator)

def drop(n: Int): collection.Iterator[Char]

Advances this iterator past the first n elements, or the length of the iterator, whichever is smaller.

• n
  • the number of elements to drop
• returns
  • an iterator which produces all values of the current iterator, except it omits the first n values.
• Definition Classes
  • Iterator
• Note
  • Reuse: After calling this method, one should discard the iterator it was called on, and use only the iterator that was returned. Using the old iterator is undefined, subject to change, and may result in changes to the new iterator as well.

(defined at scala.collection.Iterator)

def dropWhile(p: (Char) ⇒ Boolean): collection.Iterator[Char]

Skips longest sequence of elements of this iterator which satisfy given predicate p , and returns an iterator of the remaining elements.

• p
  • the predicate used to skip elements.
• returns
  • an iterator consisting of the remaining elements
• Definition Classes
  • Iterator
• Note
  • Reuse: After calling this method, one should discard the iterator it was called on, and use only the iterator that was returned. Using the old iterator is undefined, subject to change, and may result in changes to the new iterator as well.

(defined at scala.collection.Iterator)

def duplicate: (collection.Iterator[Char], collection.Iterator[Char])

Creates two new iterators that both iterate over the same elements as this iterator (in the same order). The duplicate iterators are considered equal if they are positioned at the same element.

Given that most methods on iterators will make the original iterator unfit for further use, this methods provides a reliable way of calling multiple such methods on an iterator.

• returns
  • a pair of iterators
• Definition Classes
  • Iterator
• Note
  • Reuse: After calling this method, one should discard the iterator it was called on, and use only the iterators that were returned. Using the old iterator is undefined, subject to change, and may result in changes to the new iterators as well., The implementation may allocate temporary storage for elements iterated by one iterator but not yet by the other.

(defined at scala.collection.Iterator)

def exists(p: (Char) ⇒ Boolean): Boolean

Tests whether a predicate holds for some of the values produced by this iterator.

Note: may not terminate for infinite iterators.

• p
  • the predicate used to test elements.
• returns
  • true if the given predicate p holds for some of the values produced by this iterator, otherwise false .
• Definition Classes
  • Iterator → TraversableOnce → GenTraversableOnce
• Note
  • Reuse: After calling this method, one should discard the iterator it was called on. Using it is undefined and subject to change.

(defined at scala.collection.Iterator)

def filter(p: (Char) ⇒ Boolean): collection.Iterator[Char]

Returns an iterator over all the elements of this iterator that satisfy the predicate p . The order of the elements is preserved.

• p
  • the predicate used to test values.
• returns
  • an iterator which produces those values of this iterator which satisfy the predicate p .
• Definition Classes
  • Iterator
• Note
  • Reuse: After calling this method, one should discard the iterator it was called on, and use only the iterator that was returned. Using the old iterator is undefined, subject to change, and may result in changes to the new iterator as well.

(defined at scala.collection.Iterator)

def filterNot(p: (Char) ⇒ Boolean): collection.Iterator[Char]

Creates an iterator over all the elements of this iterator which do not satisfy a predicate p.

• p
  • the predicate used to test values.
• returns
  • an iterator which produces those values of this iterator which do not satisfy the predicate p .
• Definition Classes
  • Iterator
• Note
  • Reuse: After calling this method, one should discard the iterator it was called on, and use only the iterator that was returned. Using the old iterator is undefined, subject to change, and may result in changes to the new iterator as well.

(defined at scala.collection.Iterator)

def find(p: (Char) ⇒ Boolean): Option[Char]

Finds the first value produced by the iterator satisfying a predicate, if any.

Note: may not terminate for infinite iterators.

• p
  • the predicate used to test values.
• returns
  • an option value containing the first value produced by the iterator that satisfies predicate p , or None if none exists.
• Definition Classes
  • Iterator → TraversableOnce → GenTraversableOnce
• Note
  • Reuse: After calling this method, one should discard the iterator it was called on. Using it is undefined and subject to change.

(defined at scala.collection.Iterator)

def flatMap[B](f: (Char) ⇒ GenTraversableOnce[B]): collection.Iterator[B]

Creates a new iterator by applying a function to all values produced by this iterator and concatenating the results.

• f
  • the function to apply on each element.
• returns
  • the iterator resulting from applying the given iterator-valued function f to each value produced by this iterator and concatenating the results.
• Definition Classes
  • Iterator
• Note
  • Reuse: After calling this method, one should discard the iterator it was called on, and use only the iterator that was returned. Using the old iterator is undefined, subject to change, and may result in changes to the new iterator as well.

(defined at scala.collection.Iterator)

def forall(p: (Char) ⇒ Boolean): Boolean

Tests whether a predicate holds for all values produced by this iterator.

Note: may not terminate for infinite iterators.

• p
  • the predicate used to test elements.
• returns
  • true if the given predicate p holds for all values produced by this iterator, otherwise false .
• Definition Classes
  • Iterator → TraversableOnce → GenTraversableOnce
• Note
  • Reuse: After calling this method, one should discard the iterator it was called on. Using it is undefined and subject to change.

(defined at scala.collection.Iterator)

def foreach[U](f: (Char) ⇒ U): Unit

[use case]

Applies a function f to all values produced by this iterator.

• f
  • the function that is applied for its side-effect to every element. The result of function f is discarded.
• Definition Classes
  • Iterator → TraversableOnce → GenTraversableOnce

(defined at scala.collection.Iterator)

def grouped[B >: Char](size: Int): GroupedIterator[B]

Returns an iterator which groups this iterator into fixed size blocks. Example usages:

// Returns List(List(1, 2, 3), List(4, 5, 6), List(7)))
(1 to 7).iterator grouped 3 toList
// Returns List(List(1, 2, 3), List(4, 5, 6))
(1 to 7).iterator grouped 3 withPartial false toList
// Returns List(List(1, 2, 3), List(4, 5, 6), List(7, 20, 25)
// Illustrating that withPadding's argument is by-name.
val it2 = Iterator.iterate(20)(_ + 5)
(1 to 7).iterator grouped 3 withPadding it2.next toList

• Definition Classes
  • Iterator
• Note
  • Reuse: After calling this method, one should discard the iterator it was called on, and use only the iterator that was returned. Using the old iterator is undefined, subject to change, and may result in changes to the new iterator as well.

(defined at scala.collection.Iterator)

def indexOf[B >: Char](elem: B): Int

Returns the index of the first occurrence of the specified object in this iterable object.

Note: may not terminate for infinite iterators.

• elem
  • element to search for.
• returns
  • the index of the first occurrence of elem in the values produced by this iterator, or -1 if such an element does not exist until the end of the iterator is reached.
• Definition Classes
  • Iterator
• Note
  • Reuse: After calling this method, one should discard the iterator it was called on. Using it is undefined and subject to change.

(defined at scala.collection.Iterator)

def indexOf[B >: Char](elem: B, from: Int): Int

Returns the index of the first occurrence of the specified object in this iterable object after or at some start index.

Note: may not terminate for infinite iterators.

• elem
  • element to search for.
• from
  • the start index
• returns
  • the index >= from of the first occurrence of elem in the values produced by this iterator, or -1 if such an element does not exist until the end of the iterator is reached.
• Definition Classes
  • Iterator
• Note
  • Reuse: After calling this method, one should discard the iterator it was called on. Using it is undefined and subject to change.

(defined at scala.collection.Iterator)

def indexWhere(p: (Char) ⇒ Boolean): Int

Returns the index of the first produced value satisfying a predicate, or -1.

Note: may not terminate for infinite iterators.

• p
  • the predicate to test values
• returns
  • the index of the first produced value satisfying p , or -1 if such an element does not exist until the end of the iterator is reached.
• Definition Classes
  • Iterator
• Note
  • Reuse: After calling this method, one should discard the iterator it was called on. Using it is undefined and subject to change.

(defined at scala.collection.Iterator)

def indexWhere(p: (Char) ⇒ Boolean, from: Int): Int

Returns the index of the first produced value satisfying a predicate, or -1, after or at some start index.

Note: may not terminate for infinite iterators.

• p
  • the predicate to test values
• from
  • the start index
• returns
  • the index >= from of the first produced value satisfying p , or -1 if such an element does not exist until the end of the iterator is reached.
• Definition Classes
  • Iterator
• Note
  • Reuse: After calling this method, one should discard the iterator it was called on. Using it is undefined and subject to change.

(defined at scala.collection.Iterator)

def map[B](f: (Char) ⇒ B): collection.Iterator[B]

Creates a new iterator that maps all produced values of this iterator to new values using a transformation function.

• f
  • the transformation function
• returns
  • a new iterator which transforms every value produced by this iterator by applying the function f to it.
• Definition Classes
  • Iterator
• Note
  • Reuse: After calling this method, one should discard the iterator it was called on, and use only the iterator that was returned. Using the old iterator is undefined, subject to change, and may result in changes to the new iterator as well.

(defined at scala.collection.Iterator)

def padTo[A1 >: Char](len: Int, elem: A1): collection.Iterator[A1]

[use case]

Appends an element value to this iterator until a given target length is reached.

• len
  • the target length
• elem
  • the padding value
• returns
  • a new iterator consisting of producing all values of this iterator, followed by the minimal number of occurrences of elem so that the number of produced values is at least len .
• Definition Classes
  • Iterator

(defined at scala.collection.Iterator)

def partition(p: (Char) ⇒ Boolean): (collection.Iterator[Char], collection.Iterator[Char])

Partitions this iterator in two iterators according to a predicate.

• p
  • the predicate on which to partition
• returns
  • a pair of iterators: the iterator that satisfies the predicate p and the iterator that does not. The relative order of the elements in the resulting iterators is the same as in the original iterator.
• Definition Classes
  • Iterator
• Note
  • Reuse: After calling this method, one should discard the iterator it was called on, and use only the iterators that were returned. Using the old iterator is undefined, subject to change, and may result in changes to the new iterators as well.

(defined at scala.collection.Iterator)

def patch[B >: Char](from: Int, patchElems: collection.Iterator[B], replaced: Int): collection.Iterator[B]

Returns this iterator with patched values. Patching at negative indices is the same as patching starting at 0. Patching at indices at or larger than the length of the original iterator appends the patch to the end. If more values are replaced than actually exist, the excess is ignored.

• from
  • The start index from which to patch
• patchElems
  • The iterator of patch values
• replaced
  • The number of values in the original iterator that are replaced by the patch.
• Definition Classes
  • Iterator
• Note
  • Reuse: After calling this method, one should discard the iterator it was called on, as well as the one passed as a parameter, and use only the iterator that was returned. Using the old iterators is undefined, subject to change, and may result in changes to the new iterator as well.

(defined at scala.collection.Iterator)

def sameElements(that: collection.Iterator[_]): Boolean

Tests if another iterator produces the same values as this one.

Note: will not terminate for infinite iterators.

• that
  • the other iterator
• returns
  • true , if both iterators produce the same elements in the same order, false otherwise.
• Definition Classes
  • Iterator
• Note
  • Reuse: After calling this method, one should discard the iterator it was called on, as well as the one passed as parameter. Using the old iterators is undefined and subject to change.

(defined at scala.collection.Iterator)

def scanLeft[B](z: B)(op: (B, Char) ⇒ B): collection.Iterator[B]

Produces a collection containing cumulative results of applying the operator going left to right.

Note: will not terminate for infinite iterators.

Note: might return different results for different runs, unless the underlying collection type is ordered.

• B
  • the type of the elements in the resulting collection
• z
  • the initial value
• op
  • the binary operator applied to the intermediate result and the element
• returns
  • iterator with intermediate results
• Definition Classes
  • Iterator
• Note
  • Reuse: After calling this method, one should discard the iterator it was called on, and use only the iterator that was returned. Using the old iterator is undefined, subject to change, and may result in changes to the new iterator as well.

(defined at scala.collection.Iterator)

def scanRight[B](z: B)(op: (Char, B) ⇒ B): collection.Iterator[B]

Produces a collection containing cumulative results of applying the operator going right to left. The head of the collection is the last cumulative result.

Note: will not terminate for infinite iterators.

Note: might return different results for different runs, unless the underlying collection type is ordered.

• B
  • the type of the elements in the resulting collection
• z
  • the initial value
• op
  • the binary operator applied to the intermediate result and the element
• returns
  • iterator with intermediate results
• Definition Classes
  • Iterator
• Note
  • Reuse: After calling this method, one should discard the iterator it was called on, and use only the iterator that was returned. Using the old iterator is undefined, subject to change, and may result in changes to the new iterator as well.

Example:

Iterator(1, 2, 3, 4).scanRight(0)(_ + _).toList == List(10, 9, 7, 4, 0)

(defined at scala.collection.Iterator)

def seq: collection.Iterator[Char]

A version of this collection with all of the operations implemented sequentially (i.e., in a single-threaded manner).

This method returns a reference to this collection. In parallel collections, it is redefined to return a sequential implementation of this collection. In both cases, it has O(1) complexity.

• returns
  • a sequential view of the collection.
• Definition Classes
  • Iterator → TraversableOnce → GenTraversableOnce

(defined at scala.collection.Iterator)

def slice(from: Int, until: Int): collection.Iterator[Char]

Creates an iterator returning an interval of the values produced by this iterator.

• from
  • the index of the first element in this iterator which forms part of the slice. If negative, the slice starts at zero.
• until
  • the index of the first element following the slice. If negative, the slice is empty.
• returns
  • an iterator which advances this iterator past the first from elements using drop , and then takes until - from elements, using take .
• Definition Classes
  • Iterator
• Note
  • Reuse: After calling this method, one should discard the iterator it was called on, and use only the iterator that was returned. Using the old iterator is undefined, subject to change, and may result in changes to the new iterator as well.

(defined at scala.collection.Iterator)

def sliceIterator(from: Int, until: Int): collection.Iterator[Char]

Creates an optionally bounded slice, unbounded if until is negative.

• Attributes
  • protected
• Definition Classes
  • Iterator

(defined at scala.collection.Iterator)

def sliding[B >: Char](size: Int, step: Int = 1): GroupedIterator[B]

Returns an iterator which presents a “sliding window” view of another iterator. The first argument is the window size, and the second is how far to advance the window on each iteration; defaults to 1 . Example usages:

// Returns List(List(1, 2, 3), List(2, 3, 4), List(3, 4, 5))
(1 to 5).iterator.sliding(3).toList
// Returns List(List(1, 2, 3, 4), List(4, 5))
(1 to 5).iterator.sliding(4, 3).toList
// Returns List(List(1, 2, 3, 4))
(1 to 5).iterator.sliding(4, 3).withPartial(false).toList
// Returns List(List(1, 2, 3, 4), List(4, 5, 20, 25))
// Illustrating that withPadding's argument is by-name.
val it2 = Iterator.iterate(20)(_ + 5)
(1 to 5).iterator.sliding(4, 3).withPadding(it2.next).toList

• Definition Classes
  • Iterator
• Note
  • Reuse: After calling this method, one should discard the iterator it was called on, and use only the iterator that was returned. Using the old iterator is undefined, subject to change, and may result in changes to the new iterator as well.

(defined at scala.collection.Iterator)

def span(p: (Char) ⇒ Boolean): (collection.Iterator[Char], collection.Iterator[Char])

Splits this Iterator into a prefix/suffix pair according to a predicate.

• p
  • the test predicate
• returns
  • a pair of Iterators consisting of the longest prefix of this whose elements all satisfy p , and the rest of the Iterator.
• Definition Classes
  • Iterator
• Note
  • Reuse: After calling this method, one should discard the iterator it was called on, and use only the iterators that were returned. Using the old iterator is undefined, subject to change, and may result in changes to the new iterators as well.

(defined at scala.collection.Iterator)

def take(n: Int): collection.Iterator[Char]

Selects first n values of this iterator.

• n
  • the number of values to take
• returns
  • an iterator producing only the first n values of this iterator, or else the whole iterator, if it produces fewer than n values.
• Definition Classes
  • Iterator
• Note
  • Reuse: After calling this method, one should discard the iterator it was called on, and use only the iterator that was returned. Using the old iterator is undefined, subject to change, and may result in changes to the new iterator as well.

(defined at scala.collection.Iterator)

def takeWhile(p: (Char) ⇒ Boolean): collection.Iterator[Char]

Takes longest prefix of values produced by this iterator that satisfy a predicate.

• p
  • The predicate used to test elements.
• returns
  • An iterator returning the values produced by this iterator, until this iterator produces a value that does not satisfy the predicate p .
• Definition Classes
  • Iterator
• Note
  • Reuse: After calling this method, one should discard the iterator it was called on, and use only the iterator that was returned. Using the old iterator is undefined, subject to change, and may result in changes to the new iterator as well.

(defined at scala.collection.Iterator)

def toIterator: collection.Iterator[Char]

Returns an Iterator over the elements in this traversable or iterator. Will return the same Iterator if this instance is already an Iterator.

Note: will not terminate for infinite iterators.

• returns
  • an Iterator containing all elements of this traversable or iterator.
• Definition Classes
  • Iterator → GenTraversableOnce

(defined at scala.collection.Iterator)

def toStream: collection.immutable.Stream[Char]

Converts this traversable or iterator to a stream.

• returns
  • a stream containing all elements of this traversable or iterator.
• Definition Classes
  • Iterator → GenTraversableOnce

(defined at scala.collection.Iterator)

def toTraversable: collection.Traversable[Char]

Converts this traversable or iterator to an unspecified Traversable. Will return the same collection if this instance is already Traversable.

Note: will not terminate for infinite iterators.

• returns
  • a Traversable containing all elements of this traversable or iterator.
• Definition Classes
  • Iterator → TraversableOnce → GenTraversableOnce

(defined at scala.collection.Iterator)

def withFilter(p: (Char) ⇒ Boolean): collection.Iterator[Char]

Creates an iterator over all the elements of this iterator that satisfy the predicate p . The order of the elements is preserved.

Note: withFilter is the same as filter on iterators. It exists so that for-expressions with filters work over iterators.

• p
  • the predicate used to test values.
• returns
  • an iterator which produces those values of this iterator which satisfy the predicate p .
• Definition Classes
  • Iterator
• Note
  • Reuse: After calling this method, one should discard the iterator it was called on, and use only the iterator that was returned. Using the old iterator is undefined, subject to change, and may result in changes to the new iterator as well.

(defined at scala.collection.Iterator)

def zipAll[B, A1 >: Char, B1 >: B](that: collection.Iterator[B], thisElem: A1, thatElem: B1): collection.Iterator[(A1, B1)]

[use case]

Creates an iterator formed from this iterator and another iterator by combining corresponding elements in pairs. If one of the two iterators is shorter than the other, placeholder elements are used to extend the shorter iterator to the length of the longer.

• that
  • iterator that may have a different length as the self iterator.
• thisElem
  • element thisElem is used to fill up the resulting iterator if the self iterator is shorter than that
• thatElem
  • element thatElem is used to fill up the resulting iterator if that is shorter than the self iterator
• returns
  • a new iterator containing pairs consisting of corresponding values of this iterator and that . The length of the returned iterator is the maximum of the lengths of this iterator and that . If this iterator is shorter than that , thisElem values are used to pad the result. If that is shorter than this iterator, thatElem values are used to pad the result.
• Definition Classes
  • Iterator

(defined at scala.collection.Iterator)

def zipWithIndex: collection.Iterator[(Char, Int)]

Creates an iterator that pairs each element produced by this iterator with its index, counting from 0.

• returns
  • a new iterator containing pairs consisting of corresponding elements of this iterator and their indices.
• Definition Classes
  • Iterator
• Note
  • Reuse: After calling this method, one should discard the iterator it was called on, and use only the iterator that was returned. Using the old iterator is undefined, subject to change, and may result in changes to the new iterator as well.

(defined at scala.collection.Iterator)

def zip[B](that: collection.Iterator[B]): collection.Iterator[(Char, B)]

Creates an iterator formed from this iterator and another iterator by combining corresponding values in pairs. If one of the two iterators is longer than the other, its remaining elements are ignored.

• that
  • The iterator providing the second half of each result pair
• returns
  • a new iterator containing pairs consisting of corresponding elements of this iterator and that . The number of elements returned by the new iterator is the minimum of the number of elements returned by this iterator and that .
• Definition Classes
  • Iterator
• Note
  • Reuse: After calling this method, one should discard the iterator it was called on, as well as the one passed as a parameter, and use only the iterator that was returned. Using the old iterators is undefined, subject to change, and may result in changes to the new iterator as well.

(defined at scala.collection.Iterator)

Value Members From scala.collection.TraversableOnce

def /:[B](z: B)(op: (B, Char) ⇒ B): B

Applies a binary operator to a start value and all elements of this traversable or iterator, going left to right.

Note: /: is alternate syntax for foldLeft ; z /: xs is the same as xs foldLeft z .

Examples:

Note that the folding function used to compute b is equivalent to that used to compute c.

scala> val a = List(1,2,3,4)
a: List[Int] = List(1, 2, 3, 4)

scala> val b = (5 /: a)(_+_)
b: Int = 15

scala> val c = (5 /: a)((x,y) => x + y)
c: Int = 15

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Note: might return different results for different runs, unless the underlying collection type is ordered or the operator is associative and commutative.

• B
  • the result type of the binary operator.
• z
  • the start value.
• op
  • the binary operator.
• returns
  • the result of inserting op between consecutive elements of this traversable or iterator, going left to right with the start value z on the left:

    op(...op(op(z, x_1), x_2), ..., x_n)
    

where `x1, ..., xn` are the elements of this traversable or iterator.

• Definition Classes
  • TraversableOnce → GenTraversableOnce

(defined at scala.collection.TraversableOnce)

def :\[B](z: B)(op: (Char, B) ⇒ B): B

Applies a binary operator to all elements of this traversable or iterator and a start value, going right to left.

Note: :\ is alternate syntax for foldRight ; xs :\ z is the same as xs foldRight z .

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Note: might return different results for different runs, unless the underlying collection type is ordered or the operator is associative and commutative.

Examples:

Note that the folding function used to compute b is equivalent to that used to compute c.

scala> val a = List(1,2,3,4)
a: List[Int] = List(1, 2, 3, 4)

scala> val b = (a :\ 5)(_+_)
b: Int = 15

scala> val c = (a :\ 5)((x,y) => x + y)
c: Int = 15

• B
  • the result type of the binary operator.
• z
  • the start value
• op
  • the binary operator
• returns
  • the result of inserting op between consecutive elements of this traversable or iterator, going right to left with the start value z on the right:

    op(x_1, op(x_2, ... op(x_n, z)...))
    

where `x1, ..., xn` are the elements of this traversable or iterator.

• Definition Classes
  • TraversableOnce → GenTraversableOnce

(defined at scala.collection.TraversableOnce)

def addString(b: StringBuilder): StringBuilder

Appends all elements of this traversable or iterator to a string builder. The written text consists of the string representations (w.r.t. the method toString ) of all elements of this traversable or iterator without any separator string.

Example:

scala> val a = List(1,2,3,4)
a: List[Int] = List(1, 2, 3, 4)

scala> val b = new StringBuilder()
b: StringBuilder =

scala> val h = a.addString(b)
h: StringBuilder = 1234

• b
  • the string builder to which elements are appended.
• returns
  • the string builder b to which elements were appended.
• Definition Classes
  • TraversableOnce

(defined at scala.collection.TraversableOnce)

def addString(b: StringBuilder, sep: String): StringBuilder

Appends all elements of this traversable or iterator to a string builder using a separator string. The written text consists of the string representations (w.r.t. the method toString ) of all elements of this traversable or iterator, separated by the string sep .

Example:

scala> val a = List(1,2,3,4)
a: List[Int] = List(1, 2, 3, 4)

scala> val b = new StringBuilder()
b: StringBuilder =

scala> a.addString(b, ", ")
res0: StringBuilder = 1, 2, 3, 4

• b
  • the string builder to which elements are appended.
• sep
  • the separator string.
• returns
  • the string builder b to which elements were appended.
• Definition Classes
  • TraversableOnce

(defined at scala.collection.TraversableOnce)

def addString(b: StringBuilder, start: String, sep: String, end: String): StringBuilder

Appends all elements of this traversable or iterator to a string builder using start, end, and separator strings. The written text begins with the string start and ends with the string end . Inside, the string representations (w.r.t. the method toString ) of all elements of this traversable or iterator are separated by the string sep .

Example:

scala> val a = List(1,2,3,4)
a: List[Int] = List(1, 2, 3, 4)

scala> val b = new StringBuilder()
b: StringBuilder =

scala> a.addString(b , "List(" , ", " , ")")
res5: StringBuilder = List(1, 2, 3, 4)

• b
  • the string builder to which elements are appended.
• start
  • the starting string.
• sep
  • the separator string.
• end
  • the ending string.
• returns
  • the string builder b to which elements were appended.
• Definition Classes
  • TraversableOnce

(defined at scala.collection.TraversableOnce)

def aggregate[B](z: ⇒ B)(seqop: (B, Char) ⇒ B, combop: (B, B) ⇒ B): B

Aggregates the results of applying an operator to subsequent elements.

This is a more general form of fold and reduce . It is similar to foldLeft in that it doesn’t require the result to be a supertype of the element type. In addition, it allows parallel collections to be processed in chunks, and then combines the intermediate results.

aggregate splits the traversable or iterator into partitions and processes each partition by sequentially applying seqop , starting with z (like foldLeft ). Those intermediate results are then combined by using combop (like fold ). The implementation of this operation may operate on an arbitrary number of collection partitions (even 1), so combop may be invoked an arbitrary number of times (even 0).

As an example, consider summing up the integer values of a list of chars. The initial value for the sum is 0. First, seqop transforms each input character to an Int and adds it to the sum (of the partition). Then, combop just needs to sum up the intermediate results of the partitions:

List('a', 'b', 'c').aggregate(0)({ (sum, ch) => sum + ch.toInt }, { (p1, p2) => p1 + p2 })

• B
  • the type of accumulated results
• z
  • the initial value for the accumulated result of the partition - this will typically be the neutral element for the seqop operator (e.g. Nil for list concatenation or 0 for summation) and may be evaluated more than once
• seqop
  • an operator used to accumulate results within a partition
• combop
  • an associative operator used to combine results from different partitions
• Definition Classes
  • TraversableOnce → GenTraversableOnce

(defined at scala.collection.TraversableOnce)

def collectFirst[B](pf: PartialFunction[Char, B]): Option[B]

Finds the first element of the traversable or iterator for which the given partial function is defined, and applies the partial function to it.

Note: may not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Note: might return different results for different runs, unless the underlying collection type is ordered.

• pf
  • the partial function
• returns
  • an option value containing pf applied to the first value for which it is defined, or None if none exists.
• Definition Classes
  • TraversableOnce

Example:

Seq("a", 1, 5L).collectFirst({ case x: Int => x*10 }) = Some(10)

(defined at scala.collection.TraversableOnce)

def copyToArray[B >: Char](xs: Array[B]): Unit

[use case]

Copies the elements of this traversable or iterator to an array. Fills the given array xs with values of this traversable or iterator. Copying will stop once either the end of the current traversable or iterator is reached, or the end of the target array is reached.

Note: will not terminate for infinite iterators.

• xs
  • the array to fill.
• Definition Classes
  • TraversableOnce → GenTraversableOnce

(defined at scala.collection.TraversableOnce)

def copyToArray[B >: Char](xs: Array[B], start: Int): Unit

[use case]

Copies the elements of this traversable or iterator to an array. Fills the given array xs with values of this traversable or iterator, beginning at index start . Copying will stop once either the end of the current traversable or iterator is reached, or the end of the target array is reached.

Note: will not terminate for infinite iterators.

• xs
  • the array to fill.
• start
  • the starting index.
• Definition Classes
  • TraversableOnce → GenTraversableOnce

(defined at scala.collection.TraversableOnce)

def copyToBuffer[B >: Char](dest: Buffer[B]): Unit

Copies all elements of this traversable or iterator to a buffer.

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

• dest
  • The buffer to which elements are copied.
• Definition Classes
  • TraversableOnce

(defined at scala.collection.TraversableOnce)

def count(p: (Char) ⇒ Boolean): Int

Counts the number of elements in the traversable or iterator which satisfy a predicate.

• p
  • the predicate used to test elements.
• returns
  • the number of elements satisfying the predicate p .
• Definition Classes
  • TraversableOnce → GenTraversableOnce

(defined at scala.collection.TraversableOnce)

def foldLeft[B](z: B)(op: (B, Char) ⇒ B): B

Applies a binary operator to a start value and all elements of this traversable or iterator, going left to right.

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Note: might return different results for different runs, unless the underlying collection type is ordered or the operator is associative and commutative.

• B
  • the result type of the binary operator.
• z
  • the start value.
• op
  • the binary operator.
• returns
  • the result of inserting op between consecutive elements of this traversable or iterator, going left to right with the start value z on the left:

    op(...op(z, x_1), x_2, ..., x_n)
    

where `x1, ..., xn` are the elements of this traversable or iterator.
Returns `z` if this traversable or iterator is empty.

• Definition Classes
  • TraversableOnce → GenTraversableOnce

(defined at scala.collection.TraversableOnce)

def foldRight[B](z: B)(op: (Char, B) ⇒ B): B

Applies a binary operator to all elements of this traversable or iterator and a start value, going right to left.

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Note: might return different results for different runs, unless the underlying collection type is ordered or the operator is associative and commutative.

• B
  • the result type of the binary operator.
• z
  • the start value.
• op
  • the binary operator.
• returns
  • the result of inserting op between consecutive elements of this traversable or iterator, going right to left with the start value z on the right:

    op(x_1, op(x_2, ... op(x_n, z)...))
    

where `x1, ..., xn` are the elements of this traversable or iterator.
Returns `z` if this traversable or iterator is empty.

• Definition Classes
  • TraversableOnce → GenTraversableOnce

(defined at scala.collection.TraversableOnce)

def fold[A1 >: Char](z: A1)(op: (A1, A1) ⇒ A1): A1

Folds the elements of this traversable or iterator using the specified associative binary operator.

The order in which operations are performed on elements is unspecified and may be nondeterministic.

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

• A1
  • a type parameter for the binary operator, a supertype of A .
• z
  • a neutral element for the fold operation; may be added to the result an arbitrary number of times, and must not change the result (e.g., Nil for list concatenation, 0 for addition, or 1 for multiplication).
• op
  • a binary operator that must be associative.
• returns
  • the result of applying the fold operator op between all the elements and z , or z if this traversable or iterator is empty.
• Definition Classes
  • TraversableOnce → GenTraversableOnce

(defined at scala.collection.TraversableOnce)

def maxBy[B](f: (Char) ⇒ B)(implicit cmp: Ordering[B]): Char

[use case]

Finds the first element which yields the largest value measured by function f.

• B
  • The result type of the function f.
• f
  • The measuring function.
• returns
  • the first element of this traversable or iterator with the largest value measured by function f.
• Definition Classes
  • TraversableOnce → GenTraversableOnce

(defined at scala.collection.TraversableOnce)

def minBy[B](f: (Char) ⇒ B)(implicit cmp: Ordering[B]): Char

[use case]

Finds the first element which yields the smallest value measured by function f.

• B
  • The result type of the function f.
• f
  • The measuring function.
• returns
  • the first element of this traversable or iterator with the smallest value measured by function f.
• Definition Classes
  • TraversableOnce → GenTraversableOnce

(defined at scala.collection.TraversableOnce)

def mkString(sep: String): String

Displays all elements of this traversable or iterator in a string using a separator string.

• sep
  • the separator string.
• returns
  • a string representation of this traversable or iterator. In the resulting string the string representations (w.r.t. the method toString ) of all elements of this traversable or iterator are separated by the string sep .
• Definition Classes
  • TraversableOnce → GenTraversableOnce

Example:

List(1, 2, 3).mkString("|") = "1|2|3"

(defined at scala.collection.TraversableOnce)

def mkString(start: String, sep: String, end: String): String

Displays all elements of this traversable or iterator in a string using start, end, and separator strings.

• start
  • the starting string.
• sep
  • the separator string.
• end
  • the ending string.
• returns
  • a string representation of this traversable or iterator. The resulting string begins with the string start and ends with the string end . Inside, the string representations (w.r.t. the method toString ) of all elements of this traversable or iterator are separated by the string sep .
• Definition Classes
  • TraversableOnce → GenTraversableOnce

Example:

List(1, 2, 3).mkString("(", "; ", ")") = "(1; 2; 3)"

(defined at scala.collection.TraversableOnce)

def reduceLeftOption[B >: Char](op: (B, Char) ⇒ B): Option[B]

Optionally applies a binary operator to all elements of this traversable or iterator, going left to right.

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Note: might return different results for different runs, unless the underlying collection type is ordered or the operator is associative and commutative.

• B
  • the result type of the binary operator.
• op
  • the binary operator.
• returns
  • an option value containing the result of reduceLeft(op) if this traversable or iterator is nonempty, None otherwise.
• Definition Classes
  • TraversableOnce → GenTraversableOnce

(defined at scala.collection.TraversableOnce)

def reduceLeft[B >: Char](op: (B, Char) ⇒ B): B

Applies a binary operator to all elements of this traversable or iterator, going left to right.

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Note: might return different results for different runs, unless the underlying collection type is ordered or the operator is associative and commutative.

• B
  • the result type of the binary operator.
• op
  • the binary operator.
• returns
  • the result of inserting op between consecutive elements of this traversable or iterator, going left to right:

    op( op( ... op(x_1, x_2) ..., x_{n-1}), x_n)
    

where `x1, ..., xn` are the elements of this traversable or iterator.

• Definition Classes
  • TraversableOnce
• Exceptions thrown
  • UnsupportedOperationException if this traversable or iterator is empty.

(defined at scala.collection.TraversableOnce)

def reduceOption[A1 >: Char](op: (A1, A1) ⇒ A1): Option[A1]

Reduces the elements of this traversable or iterator, if any, using the specified associative binary operator.

The order in which operations are performed on elements is unspecified and may be nondeterministic.

• A1
  • A type parameter for the binary operator, a supertype of A .
• op
  • A binary operator that must be associative.
• returns
  • An option value containing result of applying reduce operator op between all the elements if the collection is nonempty, and None otherwise.
• Definition Classes
  • TraversableOnce → GenTraversableOnce

(defined at scala.collection.TraversableOnce)

def reduceRightOption[B >: Char](op: (Char, B) ⇒ B): Option[B]

Optionally applies a binary operator to all elements of this traversable or iterator, going right to left.

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Note: might return different results for different runs, unless the underlying collection type is ordered or the operator is associative and commutative.

• B
  • the result type of the binary operator.
• op
  • the binary operator.
• returns
  • an option value containing the result of reduceRight(op) if this traversable or iterator is nonempty, None otherwise.
• Definition Classes
  • TraversableOnce → GenTraversableOnce

(defined at scala.collection.TraversableOnce)

def reduceRight[B >: Char](op: (Char, B) ⇒ B): B

Applies a binary operator to all elements of this traversable or iterator, going right to left.

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

Note: might return different results for different runs, unless the underlying collection type is ordered or the operator is associative and commutative.

• B
  • the result type of the binary operator.
• op
  • the binary operator.
• returns
  • the result of inserting op between consecutive elements of this traversable or iterator, going right to left:

    op(x_1, op(x_2, ..., op(x_{n-1}, x_n)...))
    

where `x1, ..., xn` are the elements of this traversable or iterator.

• Definition Classes
  • TraversableOnce → GenTraversableOnce
• Exceptions thrown
  • UnsupportedOperationException if this traversable or iterator is empty.

(defined at scala.collection.TraversableOnce)

def reduce[A1 >: Char](op: (A1, A1) ⇒ A1): A1

Reduces the elements of this traversable or iterator using the specified associative binary operator.

The order in which operations are performed on elements is unspecified and may be nondeterministic.

• A1
  • A type parameter for the binary operator, a supertype of A .
• op
  • A binary operator that must be associative.
• returns
  • The result of applying reduce operator op between all the elements if the traversable or iterator is nonempty.
• Definition Classes
  • TraversableOnce → GenTraversableOnce
• Exceptions thrown
  • UnsupportedOperationException if this traversable or iterator is empty.

(defined at scala.collection.TraversableOnce)

def reversed: List[Char]

• Attributes
  • protected[this]
• Definition Classes
  • TraversableOnce

(defined at scala.collection.TraversableOnce)

def toBuffer[B >: Char]: Buffer[B]

Uses the contents of this traversable or iterator to create a new mutable buffer.

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

• returns
  • a buffer containing all elements of this traversable or iterator.
• Definition Classes
  • TraversableOnce → GenTraversableOnce

(defined at scala.collection.TraversableOnce)

def toIndexedSeq: collection.immutable.IndexedSeq[Char]

Converts this traversable or iterator to an indexed sequence.

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

• returns
  • an indexed sequence containing all elements of this traversable or iterator.
• Definition Classes
  • TraversableOnce → GenTraversableOnce

(defined at scala.collection.TraversableOnce)

def toIterable: collection.Iterable[Char]

Converts this traversable or iterator to an iterable collection. Note that the choice of target Iterable is lazy in this default implementation as this TraversableOnce may be lazy and unevaluated (i.e. it may be an iterator which is only traversable once).

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

• returns
  • an Iterable containing all elements of this traversable or iterator.
• Definition Classes
  • TraversableOnce → GenTraversableOnce

(defined at scala.collection.TraversableOnce)

def toList: List[Char]

Converts this traversable or iterator to a list.

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

• returns
  • a list containing all elements of this traversable or iterator.
• Definition Classes
  • TraversableOnce → GenTraversableOnce

(defined at scala.collection.TraversableOnce)

def toMap[T, U](implicit ev: <:<[Char, (T, U)]): Map[T, U]

[use case]

Converts this traversable or iterator to a map. This method is unavailable unless the elements are members of Tuple2, each ((T, U)) becoming a key-value pair in the map. Duplicate keys will be overwritten by later keys: if this is an unordered collection, which key is in the resulting map is undefined.

Note: will not terminate for infinite iterators.

• returns
  • a map of type immutable.Map[T, U] containing all key/value pairs of type (T, U) of this traversable or iterator.
• Definition Classes
  • TraversableOnce → GenTraversableOnce

(defined at scala.collection.TraversableOnce)

def toSeq: collection.Seq[Char]

Converts this traversable or iterator to a sequence. As with toIterable , it’s lazy in this default implementation, as this TraversableOnce may be lazy and unevaluated.

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

• returns
  • a sequence containing all elements of this traversable or iterator.
• Definition Classes
  • TraversableOnce → GenTraversableOnce

(defined at scala.collection.TraversableOnce)

def toSet[B >: Char]: Set[B]

Converts this traversable or iterator to a set.

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

• returns
  • a set containing all elements of this traversable or iterator.
• Definition Classes
  • TraversableOnce → GenTraversableOnce

(defined at scala.collection.TraversableOnce)

def toVector: Vector[Char]

Converts this traversable or iterator to a Vector.

Note: will not terminate for infinite-sized collections.

• returns
  • a vector containing all elements of this traversable or iterator.
• Definition Classes
  • TraversableOnce → GenTraversableOnce

(defined at scala.collection.TraversableOnce)

Instance Constructors From scala.io.BufferedSource

new BufferedSource(inputStream: InputStream)(implicit codec: Codec)

(defined at scala.io.BufferedSource)

Value Members From scala.io.BufferedSource

def bufferedReader(): BufferedReader

(defined at scala.io.BufferedSource)

implicit val codec: Codec

(defined at scala.io.BufferedSource)

def getLines(): collection.Iterator[String]

Returns an iterator who returns lines (NOT including newline character(s)). It will treat any of \r\n, \r, or \n as a line separator (longest match) - if you need more refined behavior you can subclass Source#LineIterator directly.

• Definition Classes
  • BufferedSource → Source

(defined at scala.io.BufferedSource)

lazy val iter: collection.Iterator[Char]

the actual iterator

• Definition Classes
  • BufferedSource → Source

(defined at scala.io.BufferedSource)

def reader(): InputStreamReader

(defined at scala.io.BufferedSource)

Value Members From scala.io.Source

def report(pos: Int, msg: String, out: PrintStream): Unit

• pos
  • the source position (line/column)
• msg
  • the error message to report
• out
  • PrintStream to use
• Definition Classes
  • Source

(defined at scala.io.Source)

def reportError(pos: Int, msg: String, out: PrintStream = Console.err): Unit

Reports an error message to the output stream out .

• pos
  • the source position (line/column)
• msg
  • the error message to report
• out
  • PrintStream to use (optional: defaults to Console.err )
• Definition Classes
  • Source

(defined at scala.io.Source)

def reportWarning(pos: Int, msg: String, out: PrintStream = Console.out): Unit

• pos
  • the source position (line/column)
• msg
  • the warning message to report
• out
  • PrintStream to use (optional: defaults to Console.out )
• Definition Classes
  • Source

(defined at scala.io.Source)

def reset(): Source

The reset() method creates a fresh copy of this Source.

• Definition Classes
  • Source

(defined at scala.io.Source)

def withClose(f: () ⇒ Unit): BufferedSource.this.type

• Definition Classes
  • Source

(defined at scala.io.Source)

def withDescription(text: String): BufferedSource.this.type

• Definition Classes
  • Source

(defined at scala.io.Source)

def withPositioning(on: Boolean): BufferedSource.this.type

Change or disable the positioner.

• Definition Classes
  • Source

(defined at scala.io.Source)

def withPositioning(pos: Positioner): BufferedSource.this.type

• Definition Classes
  • Source

(defined at scala.io.Source)

def withReset(f: () ⇒ Source): BufferedSource.this.type

• Definition Classes
  • Source (defined at scala.io.Source)

Full Source:

/*                     __                                               *\
**     ________ ___   / /  ___     Scala API                            **
**    / __/ __// _ | / /  / _ |    (c) 2003-2013, LAMP/EPFL             **
**  __\ \/ /__/ __ |/ /__/ __ |    http://scala-lang.org/               **
** /____/\___/_/ |_/____/_/ | |                                         **
**                          |/                                          **
\*                                                                      */

package scala.io

import java.io.{ InputStream, BufferedReader, InputStreamReader, PushbackReader }
import Source.DefaultBufSize
import scala.collection.{ Iterator, AbstractIterator }

/** This object provides convenience methods to create an iterable
 *  representation of a source file.
 *
 *  @author  Burak Emir, Paul Phillips
 */
class BufferedSource(inputStream: InputStream, bufferSize: Int)(implicit val codec: Codec) extends Source {
  def this(inputStream: InputStream)(implicit codec: Codec) = this(inputStream, DefaultBufSize)(codec)
  def reader() = new InputStreamReader(inputStream, codec.decoder)
  def bufferedReader() = new BufferedReader(reader(), bufferSize)

  // The same reader has to be shared between the iterators produced
  // by iter and getLines. This is because calling hasNext can cause a
  // block of data to be read from the stream, which will then be lost
  // to getLines if it creates a new reader, even though next() was
  // never called on the original.
  private var charReaderCreated = false
  private lazy val charReader = {
    charReaderCreated = true
    bufferedReader()
  }

  override lazy val iter = (
    Iterator
    continually (codec wrap charReader.read())
    takeWhile (_ != -1)
    map (_.toChar)
  )

  private def decachedReader: BufferedReader = {
    // Don't want to lose a buffered char sitting in iter either. Yes,
    // this is ridiculous, but if I can't get rid of Source, and all the
    // Iterator bits are designed into Source, and people create Sources
    // in the repl, and the repl calls toString for the result line, and
    // that calls hasNext to find out if they're empty, and that leads
    // to chars being buffered, and no, I don't work here, they left a
    // door unlocked.
    // To avoid inflicting this silliness indiscriminately, we can
    // skip it if the char reader was never created: and almost always
    // it will not have been created, since getLines will be called
    // immediately on the source.
    if (charReaderCreated && iter.hasNext) {
      val pb = new PushbackReader(charReader)
      pb unread iter.next().toInt
      new BufferedReader(pb, bufferSize)
    }
    else charReader
  }


  class BufferedLineIterator extends AbstractIterator[String] with Iterator[String] {
    private val lineReader = decachedReader
    var nextLine: String = null

    override def hasNext = {
      if (nextLine == null)
        nextLine = lineReader.readLine

      nextLine != null
    }
    override def next(): String = {
      val result = {
        if (nextLine == null) lineReader.readLine
        else try nextLine finally nextLine = null
      }
      if (result == null) Iterator.empty.next()
      else result
    }
  }

  override def getLines(): Iterator[String] = new BufferedLineIterator

  /** Efficiently converts the entire remaining input into a string. */
  override def mkString = {
    // Speed up slurping of whole data set in the simplest cases.
    val allReader = decachedReader
    val sb = new StringBuilder
    val buf = new Array[Char](bufferSize)
    var n = 0
    while (n != -1) {
      n = allReader.read(buf)
      if (n>0) sb.appendAll(buf, 0, n)
    }
    sb.result
  }
}